Determination of antibacterial activity of anacyclus pyrethrum extract against some of the oral bacteria: an in vitro study

Statement of Problem: There are more than 500 different bacterial species in the oral cavity which can cause tooth decay and periodontal diseases. Anacyclus Pyrethrum has been used to manage dental and periodontal diseases in traditional Iranian medicine

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Anacyclus Pyrethrum against some of the oral bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Materials and Method: At first, The antibacterial effect of serial concentrations [1/10 to 1/100 mg/ml] of methanolic extract of Anacyclus Pyrethrum root were tested by using well assay method on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the second examination, 150-1000 mg/ml concentrations were tested and the agar dilution method, recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Standards, was used. Then, the lowest concentrations of the extract which inhibited visible growth of organisms on the media plate; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration [MIC] and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration [MBC], were determined

Results: The inhibition zone was only seen in the 1.10 mg/ml concentration. The diameters were 15 and 12 mm in Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis agar media plate, respectively. In the second examination, the greatest inhibition zones were 27 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 21 mm for Streptococcus sanguis in 1000 mg/ml. There was not any inhibition zone for Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentrations. The MBC was achieved as 800 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis. Streptococcus mutans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa grew in all the concentrations

Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sanguis was not significant. Anacyclus Pyrethrum had no antibacterial effect against either Streptococcus mutans or Pseudomonas aeruginosa

[ survey on the correlation between deaf and hard- of- hearing and oral health status and behavior]

Hearing loss [deafness] is a disability that is often over looked because it is not obvious. This study investigates oral health care status and behaviors between two groups of hearing and deaf and hard-of-hearing [D and HH] adolescents in Tehran in 1385. A hundred and ninety two [D and HH] students [87 females, 105 males] attending special nonresidential public schools and 193 hearing students [87 females, 106 males] attending regular public schools from all areas of Tehran, ages 12-16 years answered a written questionnaire about frequency of dental visits, reason and time of last dental visit, frequency and time of brushing. Information about DMFT was obtained through oral examination. Chi-square and T tests were used for statistical analysis and p=0.001 was considered significant. Significant differences existed between hearing and D and HH group from different states. The hearing group had more dental visits and frequency of tooth brushing than D and HH group [P=0] and [P=0.002] respectively. Mean DMFT score in hearing and D and HH adolescents was 3.13 [SD=2.852] and 3.37 [SD=3.034] respectively. The MT score in D and HH and hearing adolescents was 0.16 [SD=0.474] and 0.04 [SD=0.273] respectively which was significantly higher than hearing group [P=0/006]. There was no significant difference between mean DMFT score of the two groups [P=0.116]. Three findings of concern are the higher rate of Extracted teeth, less dental visits and tendency of tooth brushing by D and HH adolescents. The oral health care knowledge and practices of D and HH adolescents will improve through a controlled school-based oral health education program

[Histopathologic evaluation of the pulp after direct pulp capping with calcium mineral trioxide aggregate in primary teeth]

Mineral trioxide aggregate [MTA] is a relatively new material. It is biocompatible and has sealing ability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histologic pulp responses of calcium hydroxide and MTA placed directly on exposed pulp tissues. Twenty teeth already scheduled for extraction for orthodontic reasons were selected for this experimental study. These teeth were divided into 2 groups and treated with direct pulp capping. Calcium hydroxide was used for 10 teeth and MTA for 10 teeth. After 60 days the teeth were extracted and prepared for histological evaluation. Finally the data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney test. All teeth treated with Calcium hydroxide showed inflammation. Internal resorption was seen in 6 teeth and abscess in 5 teeth and calcified bridge in 6 teeth and reparative in 2 teeth. Inflammation was seen in 2 mineral trioxide aggregate samples and calcified bridge and reparative dentin in 7 teeth. Internal resorption and abscess were not seen in mineral trioxide aggregate group. Mineral trioxide aggregate appeared to be superior to Calcium hydroxide as a pulp capping agent in primary teeth

[Histopathological differentiation between well differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral verrucous carcinoma with special staining of basement membrane]

Microscopic differentiation between well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and verrucous carcinoma is very difficult. As these lesions have different clinical course and treatment a reliable method to help distinguish between them is necessary. The basement membrane in oral verrucous carcinoma is generally intact whereas in oral squamous cell carcinoma is mostly discontinuous. This structure can be studied by different methods. The aim of this study was to differentiate these lesions with special staining of basement membrane. In this tests evaluation study, a total of 26 cases consisting of 15 oral squamous cell carcinomas and 11 oral verrucous carcinomas were retrieved from Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini hospital archive of pathology and their paraffin blocks were cut and stained with Periodic Acid Schiff method. Slides were studied with light microscope to evaluate the continuity of basement membrane. Sensitivity and specificity of this method were calculated. The sensitivity of this method for differentiating oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral verrucous carcinoma was 100% whereas the specificity was 90.9%. Positive predictive value was 93.75% and negative predictive value 100%. Based on the results of this study, the sensitivity of this test for diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma was high [100%]. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use this method for distinguishing oral verrucous carcinoma from oral squamous cell carcinoma

[ 31-year-old statistical survey on growth - development odontogenic cysts in pathology department, faculty of dentistry, Tehran University of medical sciences]

Aim and Background: odontogenic cysts are known as real cysts covered with an epithelium originated from "Odontogenic epithelium". These cysts make up a wide range of oral and maxillofacial pathologic lesions that may acquire an aggressive nature and afflict a vast region of jaws. Despite considerable prevalence, a few studies have been already conducted on these lesions in Iran. The purpose of this descriptive and archive review study was to survey statistically odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin

Materials and Methods: in order to perform this study, the archive of pathology department dental Faculty Tehran University of Medical Sciences were reviewed from 1971 to 2002. In addition to survey the prevalence of all odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin, information on factors such as age, sex and location of lesion were also extracted from archive files and analyzed by SPSS software program

Results: the findings of this study indicated that out of all reviewed files, 736 odontogenic cysts of growth-developmental origin were found including: dentigerouse cyst [51%], odontogenic keratocyst [36%] Gorlincyst [6%], primordial cyst [3%], lateral periodontal cyst [2%], eruptive cyst [1%] and adult gingival cyst [1%]. No sample of infant gingival cysts were observed. Totally, 198 cases [28%] occurred in the second decade of life more than other decades. 63% and 37% of such cysts were reported in males and females, respectively. Considering the location of lesion, 61% and 39% of them were found in the lower and upper jaws, respectively. in the lower jaw: 46% in molar, 31% in premolar, 23% in the interior regions were observed and in the upper jaw 47% of cases in the anterior region, 28% and 25% in premolar and molar regions were found, respectively

Conclusion: according to the present study, 39% of all jaw cysts existing in pathology department archive are of odontogenic type with growth-developmental origin, out of them dentigerouse and keratocyst ones make up the largest number